OVERVIEW OF MACRO SCALE MODEL FOR LARGE SCALE RIVER BASIN
Water resources management needs a proper way to handle a particular approach. It involves various hydrological components. There is impact on various environmental parameter like land use and land cover, agriculture, water usage due to human encroachment on environment at significant level. The impact leads to periodic hydrologic change. It thus becomes necessary to understand and quantify various hydrological components of the catchment for efficient management of water. Runoff representing the response of a catchment to precipitation, reflects the integrated effects of a wide range of land cover, soil, topography, climate and precipitation characteristics of the area. There are many ways to figure out runoff and to her hydrological elements. Hydrological modelling is one efficient way for rational long term behavioral studies. Hydrological modelling is a mathematical representation of natural processes that influence primarily the energy and water balances of a particular watershed. SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), MIKE SHE model (Systeme Hydrologique European), HBV model (Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenavdelning model), TOPMODEL, Variable infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Centre Hydrologic Modelling System) are some of the physically based distributed hydrologic models. Large data is managed by Geographic Information systems (GIS) and have captured attention of various analyst. GIS is equipped with huge storage and pre-processing capabilities for the data needed in analysis, and it assist to map the results. GIS thus facilitate to compile spatial geomorphic and hydrological data of the basin used for parameters estimation.
Runoff, hydrological mode, VIC, GIS