HALOBAN ACTIVE-PASSIVE DIATHESIS: LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY STUDY
This study applies the diathesis theory proposed by Lyon and adopts a qualitative descriptive method where comparative and inductive treatment is carried out on the data collected through a phenomenological approach. The data (Haloban language) used in this study is oral data collected from 2200 informants (native Haloban speakers) who live in two villages, Haloban Village and Asantola Village. Data collection techniques used in this study are listening and note-taking techniques. Then, the data are classified based on the characteristics of language in universal languages empirically. This study shows that the Haloban language has an active-passive diathesis which is one of the important characteristics in the typology of accusative language. In addition to having an active-passive diathesis, the Haloban language also has a medial diathesis. From the perspective of linguistic typology, active and passive diathesis of Haloban language shows a significant difference when compared to active and passive diathesis in accusative language. Haloban has two types of passives: passive ni- and passive pronouns. Based on the marking system, the morphologically marked passive construction ni- has an active form which is also morphologically marked. In passive construction, verbs that indicate passive diathesis are marked by the prefix ni-, while verbs that indicate active diathesis are marked by the prefix {ma-}. Syntactically, the active diathesis subject in the diathesis functions as an adjunct in the form of a prepositional phrase and can be removed. In the construction of passive pronouns, verbs that indicate passive diathesis appear in the form of a base verb, while verbs that indicate active diathesis are marked by the prefix {ma-}. Agents in passive pronoun clauses cannot be omitted. This shows that in passive pronouns, active diathesis is more marked than passive diathesis.
Haloban, diathesis, typology, active-passive diathesis.