SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FISHERMEN IN THE INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO: LESSONS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES (CASE STUDY OF BIARO ISLAND NORTH SULAWESI)
This study examines the socio-economic factors affecting the income of fishermen on Biaro Island, Sitaro Regency, North Sulawesi, using multiple regression analysis. The socio-demographic variables considered include age, education, number of family members, and years of fishing experience, while the economic factors comprise business capital, non-fishing income, distance from the village to the main port, and fishing radius. Primary data were collected through stratified random sampling of 67 respondents. The data were analyzed using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method. The results reveal that external income and business capital are significant determinants of fishermen's income, whereas traditional demographic factors such as age, education, family size, and fishing experience do not show a significant impact. The study highlights several socio-economic challenges faced by fishing communities, particularly limited access to markets and inadequate financial resources. These findings are consistent with existing literature, underscoring the critical roles of income diversification and financial support in improving fishermen’s livelihoods. The study recommends targeted strategies, such as microfinance programs, to enhance access to financial resources. Addressing these challenges is essential for promoting sustainable livelihoods and economic resilience among fishermen on Biaro Island. Future research should explore additional qualitative factors that may influence income dynamics in this region.
Business Capital, Fishermen’s Income, Socio-Economic Challenges, Microfinance; Indonesian Archipelago.