THE COMPLEXITIES OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP BEING MANAGED IN HIGHER EDUCATION
The pressures from globalization forces higher education institutions (HEIs) to develop graduates who demonstrably understand global responsibilities along with international values and ethical conduct. Academic institutions need to manage multiple aspects of global citizenship because they confront both theoretical and organizational obstacles. Global citizenship presents various definitions through its emphasis on cross-cultural skills and moral responsibility as well as critical worldwide understanding (Andreotti, 2006). To incorporate global citizenship into curricula and institutional missions universities need to find ways that resolve the conflicts between local needs and global potential (Rhoads & Szelenyi, 2011). The neoliberal shift in higher education creates obstacles since it reduces international engagement to market-oriented agenda while misleading students as global learners (Stein, 2017). The process of reducing global citizenship to employment-based skills functions in direct opposition to ethical development and civic engagement formation. The promotion of global citizenship faces challenges through barriers of access and equitable opportunities when teaching students from differing backgrounds especially in non-Western countries (Tikly, 2004). HEIs work to handle their complicated circumstances by implementing teaching advancements combined with international approaches and policy-making directions. The research uses current academic work to demonstrate why reflective practices with awareness about power structures should help students develop personal transformations and embrace multiple forms of global citizenship learning. Higher education remains essential for developing global citizens yet its fundamental purpose should be based on ethical thought and cultural awareness and social equality (Andreotti & de Souza, 2012).
Global Citizenship Education (GCE), Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Neoliberalism in Education, Equity and Inclusion, Decolonial Pedagogy.