THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN CONFRONTING THE ARMED AND POLITICAL FREE PAPUA MOVEMENT TO DEFEND STATE SOVEREIGNTY
The development of post-reform GPM underwent a metamorphosis by using a political approach and utilizing technology. Taking into account the results of surveys and studies that the development of GPM has increased quite significantly both politically through the Free West Papua movement and the ULMWP movement since 2014 and victims of armed movements through KKB and KST actions in the Mountains have continued to increase in 2020 (115 cases) and 2021 (96 cases ). The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors for the development of the Free Papua Movement and to analyze the role of intelligence in dealing with the armed and political Free Papua Movement to safeguard national sovereignty. This study uses a post-positivist approach with a mixed method method in collecting data both surveys and interviews. Primary data was obtained through in-depth interviews with key informants and focus group discussions. Secondary data was obtained from task force data, intelligence data, ministries/agencies, survey results and official data from government portals. The results of the study show that the factors that led to the development of the Free Papua Movement are firstly the internationalization of the Papua issue, secondly; factor in the development of Information Communication and Technology (ICT); Third, the Youth Group Transformation factor or generational transition; Fourth, the factor of Foreign Involvement and lobbying power. Based on the threat analysis the Free Papua Movement in Papua is in the Threat Coefficient indicating the threat is in a high threats condition (high), namely 15.8 (rounded to 16). The second research result is that the role of intelligence in Papua is very significant, but intelligence faces various obstacles, namely intelligence human resources that are less qualified, operational planning that is not mature, limited facilities and infrastructure, limited funds, policies that are not yet in favor of intelligence, poor inter-sectoral coordination. Intelligence also faces various challenges, namely the militancy of the Free Papua Movement, the Evolution of the Free Papua Movement, Government programs that have not been successful, support from non-state actors, and foreign involvement. Intelligence must utilize technology to counter opinion and prepare various scenarios to confront each organization. Intelligence needs to encourage strong local leadership in Papua, local leadership that needs to be supported by the center is also important to have a nationalist spirit and be pro to the Republic of Indonesia so that national stability is maintained. The recommendations in this study are related to policy proposals, operational and tactical matters. Intelligence Strengthening is urgently needed, including the involvement of the Oktahelix Actor in handling GPM in Papua.
Intelligence Role, Free Papua Movement, State Sovereignty