PPKM BIO POLITICAL PRACTICES, VACCINATIONS, AND THE COVID-19 'PANDEMIC DICTATORSHIP': CASE STUDY OF SURABAYA AND GRESIK, EAST JAVA - INDONESIA
In Indonesia, the practice of the COVID-19 pandemic dictatorship is the key to enforcing health protocols, maintaining order , and strengthening the dominant norms of behavioral discipline for all populations. The practice in the form of PPKM bio politics and vaccination caused social unrest in East Java. Most individuals as citizens bear the socio-economic burden because the government strictly prohibits all forms of social interaction outside the home. The population has to lock themselves at home indefinitely. This has caused individuals and communities from lower social groups to reject PPKM's bio politics and vaccinations, which eventually led to a bio political crisis in East Java, especially Surabaya City and Gresik Regency. The population's response to the two-bio political policies was clashed with cultural factors, values/beliefs about death that were not determined by adherence to PPKM and vaccine acceptance, but by God. So that the public's refusal to not comply with health protocols, PPKM and vaccines is handled by the government with a judicial operation policy involving the TNI, police, and Satpol PP. PPKM bio politics as a disciplinary norm and monitoring population behavior, while mass vaccination is to build population immunity. The political relationship and the regulation of the health of the population's body are evident in the practice of bio politics during the implementation of the PPKM and vaccine policies. The operation of bio politics has two faces: as the government's responsibility for the recovery of the economic sector and economic recovery.
Bio politics, Dictatorial Practices, Population Health, Body Discipline, East Java-Indonesia.