SOLUTIONS TO DEPLOY FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION, A CASE STUDY IN VIETNAM
State budget and expenditure from learners' households are the two key sources of finance for the development of education in Vietnam. They are also the mainstay of finance for the education development of poor, low-income countries. Therefore, the effective exploitation and use of these financial resources are very important. This article uses official statistics on the state budget and household expenditure for education in the period from 2009 to 2013 for analysis and evaluation, thereby finding out the difficulties and inadequacies in the policy on exploitation and use of these financial resources. Inadequacies are analyzed from the perspective of using revenues to offset costs in educational services and presented through the following issues: i) Are the revenues adequate to cover costs and does this guarantee training quality from educational institutions? ii) The government encourages educational institutions to be financially self-sufficient, but can its policy enable them to be truly self-sufficient?; and iii) Has the problem of product cost and payment obligation for using training products been thoroughly resolved? As a learner completes a course, the beneficiaries are the learner, the state, the employer and the community. So, is there a clear division of responsibility for contribution in the policy? Based on analysis and assessment of the current financial management on these aspects, the article aims to find out shortcomings and weaknesses, and thereby proposes a number of solutions to improve the policy of mobilizing and using education finance of the country.
Budget, expenditure, household, education, exploitation, Vietnam.